diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/server/channel/index.vue b/frontend/src/pages/server/channel/index.vue
index 3c2e34b..d51cce8 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/server/channel/index.vue
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/server/channel/index.vue
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ watch(isAtBottom, async (atBottom) => {
 
 watch(channelId, async (newChannelId) => {
   if (newChannelId) {
-    if (props.serverId) await emojiStore.fetchEmojis(props.serverId);
+    await emojiStore.fetchEmojis(props.serverId ?? null);
     await messageStore.fetchMessages(newChannelId);
     await scrollToBottom();
     await markCurrentChannelRead(newChannelId);
diff --git a/frontend/src/stores/conversation.ts b/frontend/src/stores/conversation.ts
index f81ce43..1d79163 100644
--- a/frontend/src/stores/conversation.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/stores/conversation.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,14 @@ export const useConversationStore = defineStore('conversation', {
       const conversation = this.conversations.find(item => item.id === id)
       if (conversation) conversation.unread_count = unreadCount
     },
+    applyIncomingMessage(message: { channel_id: string; content: string }) {
+      const conversation = this.conversations.find(item => item.id === message.channel_id)
+      if (!conversation) return
+      conversation.last_message = message.content
+      conversation.unread_count += 1
+      conversation.updated_at = new Date().toISOString()
+      this.conversations = [conversation, ...this.conversations.filter(item => item.id !== conversation.id)]
+    },
     reset() { this.conversations = []; this.loading = false }
   }
 })
diff --git a/frontend/src/stores/emoji.ts b/frontend/src/stores/emoji.ts
index 6a97460..bc6d228 100644
--- a/frontend/src/stores/emoji.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/stores/emoji.ts
@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@ export const useEmojiStore = defineStore("emoji", {
     emojisById: (state): Record<string, Emoji> => Object.fromEntries(state.emojis.map(emoji => [emoji.id, emoji])),
   },
   actions: {
-    async fetchEmojis(serverId: string, force = false) {
+    async fetchEmojis(serverId: string | null = null, force = false) {
       if (!force && this.activeServerId === serverId && this.emojis.length) return;
       this.loading = true;
       try {
-        const response = await useApi().get(`/emojis?server_id=${encodeURIComponent(serverId)}`);
+        const url = serverId === null
+          ? '/emojis'
+          : `/emojis?server_id=${encodeURIComponent(serverId)}`;
+        const response = await useApi().get(url);
         if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`Emoji loading failed (${response.status})`);
         this.emojis = await response.json() as Emoji[];
         this.activeServerId = serverId;
diff --git a/frontend/src/stores/message.ts b/frontend/src/stores/message.ts
index 6bc6d6d..a327a50 100644
--- a/frontend/src/stores/message.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/stores/message.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {useServerStore} from "@/stores/server.ts";
 import {useAuthStore} from "@/stores/auth.ts";
 import {useNotificationStore} from "@/stores/notification.ts";
 import {useEmojiStore} from "@/stores/emoji.ts";
+import {useConversationStore} from "@/stores/conversation.ts";
 
 // Change this value to adjust the maximum number of messages kept in the DOM.
 // Directional loads automatically use half of this window.
@@ -350,7 +351,8 @@ export const useMessageStore = defineStore("message", {
       const isActiveChannel = message.channel_id === this.activeChannelId;
       if (!isActiveChannel) {
         if (fromGateway && !isOwnMessage) {
-          serverStore.applyIncomingMessage(message.server_id, message.channel_id);
+          if (message.server_id) serverStore.applyIncomingMessage(message.server_id, message.channel_id);
+          else useConversationStore().applyIncomingMessage(message);
           notificationStore.show("Nouveau message", "Un nouveau message est arrivé dans un autre canal.");
         }
         return;
@@ -365,7 +367,8 @@ export const useMessageStore = defineStore("message", {
       if (!this.isAtBottom && this.newestId && message.id > this.newestId) {
         this.hasMoreAfter = true;
         if (fromGateway && !isOwnMessage) {
-          serverStore.applyIncomingMessage(message.server_id, message.channel_id);
+          if (message.server_id) serverStore.applyIncomingMessage(message.server_id, message.channel_id);
+          else useConversationStore().applyIncomingMessage(message);
         }
         return;
       }
@@ -376,7 +379,8 @@ export const useMessageStore = defineStore("message", {
       if (this.isAtBottom) {
         this.scrollToBottomRequested = true;
       } else if (fromGateway && !isOwnMessage) {
-        serverStore.applyIncomingMessage(message.server_id, message.channel_id);
+        if (message.server_id) serverStore.applyIncomingMessage(message.server_id, message.channel_id);
+        else useConversationStore().applyIncomingMessage(message);
       }
     },
 
diff --git a/src/routes/conversation/handlers.rs b/src/routes/conversation/handlers.rs
index 32ef342..d4549cc 100644
--- a/src/routes/conversation/handlers.rs
+++ b/src/routes/conversation/handlers.rs
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ async fn create_channel(state: &AppState, ids: &[Uuid]) -> Result<channel::Model
         channel_user::ActiveModel { channel_id: Set(channel.id), user_id: Set(*user_id), role: Set("member".into()), joined_at: Set(Utc::now()), ..Default::default() }.insert(&txn).await?;
     }
     txn.commit().await?;
+    state.services.realtime_registry.set_channel_users(channel.id, ids.iter().copied());
     state.event_bus.emit("channel_created", channel.clone());
     Ok(channel)
 }
diff --git a/src/services/realtime_registry.rs b/src/services/realtime_registry.rs
index 51d4ab6..abdeaa8 100644
--- a/src/services/realtime_registry.rs
+++ b/src/services/realtime_registry.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::models::computed_permission::PermissionScopeType;
+use crate::models::{channel, channel_user, computed_permission::PermissionScopeType};
 use crate::permissions::ChannelPermission;
 use crate::repositories::Repositories;
 use event_bus::EventBus;
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use parking_lot::RwLock;
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use uuid::Uuid;
+use sea_orm::{ColumnTrait, EntityTrait, QueryFilter};
 
 /// In-memory index of the users that can receive events for each channel.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
@@ -37,6 +38,24 @@ impl RealtimeRegistry {
                 .insert(permission.resource_id);
         }
 
+        // Les DM n'utilisent pas les permissions calculées : leur audience est
+        // définie directement par la table d'appartenance channel_user.
+        let dm_channels = channel::Entity::find()
+            .filter(channel::Column::ChannelType.eq(channel::ChannelType::DM))
+            .all(&repositories.channel.context.db)
+            .await?;
+        let dm_ids: Vec<_> = dm_channels.into_iter().map(|item| item.id).collect();
+        if !dm_ids.is_empty() {
+            let members = channel_user::Entity::find()
+                .filter(channel_user::Column::ChannelId.is_in(dm_ids))
+                .all(&repositories.channel.context.db)
+                .await?;
+            for member in members {
+                channel_users.entry(member.channel_id).or_default().insert(member.user_id);
+                user_channels.entry(member.user_id).or_default().insert(member.channel_id);
+            }
+        }
+
         *self.channel_users.write() = channel_users;
         *self.user_channels.write() = user_channels;
         Ok(())
@@ -50,6 +69,24 @@ impl RealtimeRegistry {
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
 
+    pub fn set_channel_users(&self, channel_id: Uuid, users: impl IntoIterator<Item = Uuid>) {
+        let users: HashSet<_> = users.into_iter().collect();
+        let old = {
+            let mut by_channel = self.channel_users.write();
+            by_channel.insert(channel_id, users.clone()).unwrap_or_default()
+        };
+        let mut by_user = self.user_channels.write();
+        for user_id in old.difference(&users) {
+            if let Some(channels) = by_user.get_mut(user_id) {
+                channels.remove(&channel_id);
+                if channels.is_empty() { by_user.remove(user_id); }
+            }
+        }
+        for user_id in users {
+            by_user.entry(user_id).or_default().insert(channel_id);
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_user_channels(&self, user_id: Uuid, channels: impl IntoIterator<Item = Uuid>) {
         let channels: HashSet<_> = channels.into_iter().collect();
         let old = self
@@ -157,3 +194,27 @@ impl RealtimeRegistry {
         );
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::RealtimeRegistry;
+    use uuid::Uuid;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn indexes_dm_members_by_channel_and_user() {
+        let registry = RealtimeRegistry::default();
+        let channel_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let first = Uuid::new_v4();
+        let second = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        registry.set_channel_users(channel_id, [first, second]);
+
+        assert_eq!(registry.users_for_channel(channel_id).len(), 2);
+        assert!(registry.user_channels.read().get(&first).unwrap().contains(&channel_id));
+        assert!(registry.user_channels.read().get(&second).unwrap().contains(&channel_id));
+
+        registry.set_channel_users(channel_id, [second]);
+        assert!(!registry.user_channels.read().contains_key(&first));
+        assert!(registry.users_for_channel(channel_id).contains(&second));
+    }
+}